{"id":1272,"date":"2021-09-13T09:33:29","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T08:33:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lexacademic.com\/?p=1272"},"modified":"2021-09-13T09:33:29","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T08:33:29","slug":"%e5%ad%b8%e8%a1%93%e5%87%ba%e7%89%88%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%af%8d%e8%aa%9e%e6%ad%a7%e8%a6%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lexacademic.com\/zh-hant\/blog\/%e5%ad%b8%e8%a1%93%e5%87%ba%e7%89%88%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%af%8d%e8%aa%9e%e6%ad%a7%e8%a6%96\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcd\u8a9e\u6b67\u8996"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>\u5c08\u696d\u5b78\u8853\u6821\u5c0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u4f60\u6253\u9020\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7af6\u722d\u74b0\u5883<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebd\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002 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review\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u53ca\u5b78\u520a\u4e3b\u7de8\u7528\u4f86\u8a55\u4f30\u4f5c\u8005\u6295\u7a3f\u8cea\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u88ab\u5b78\u8853\u62db\u8058\u3001\u8cc7\u52a9\u548c\u6703\u8b70\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7528\u4f86\u8a55\u4f30\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u671f\u520a\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u7279\u5b9a\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u6703\u88ab\u9080\u8acb\u4f86\u5c0d\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u5be9\u3002\u8a55\u8b70\u904e\u7a0b\u6703\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c07\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u50b3\u9054\u7d66\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u6c7a\u7b56\u90e8\u9580\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91ab\u751f\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u6703\u5c0d\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8077\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u7372\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u9020\u6210\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u5df2\u88ab\u516c\u8a8d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6027\u5225\u504f\u898b<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>2001\u5e74\uff0c\u300aBehavioral Ecology\u300b\u5b78\u520a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<strong>\u201c\u96d9\u76f2\u201d\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08double-blind peer review\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u6295\u7a3f\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u5be9\u7a3f\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u90fd\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u88ab\u96b1\u85cf\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nature.com\/peer-to-peer\/2008\/01\/doubleblind_peer_review_reveal.html\">\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe<\/a>\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e\u5be6\u65bd\u96d9\u76f2\u8a55\u8b70\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a72\u671f\u520a\u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u8005\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u5c0f\u5e45\u5ea6\u4f46\u53ef\u89c0\u5730\u589e\u9577\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728<strong>\u201c\u6027\u5225\u504f\u898b\u201d\uff08gender bias\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u5f9e\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u6216\u6e1b\u5c11<strong>\u201c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u504f\u898b\u201d (unconscious bias)<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u96d9\u76f2\u5236\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u6027\u5225\u504f\u898b\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u4e8e\u51fa\u7248\u6210\u529f\u7387\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\u6392\u4f4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/541455a\">2017\u5e74\u5728\u300aNature\u300b\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa<\/a>\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b78\u8853\u671f\u520a\u5f88\u5c11\u9080\u8acb\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u8005\u64d4\u4efb\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u5be9\u54e1\u3002\u53c3\u52a0\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u662f\u5b78\u8005\u8077\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed4\u7d30\u95b1\u8b80\u3001\u5be9\u67e5\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6295\u7a3f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8a55\u5be9\u54e1\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u5b78\u8005\u8207\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u3001\u7de8\u8f2f\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u7db2\u7d61\u3001\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u751f\u6daf\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u806f\u7cfb\u5c0d\u8077\u696d\u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6027\u5225\u504f\u898b\u6050\u6015\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u9084\u8f03\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u8005\u2014\u2014\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u6392\u4f4d\u53ca\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u5be9\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u898b\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u65e5\u76ca\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abd0299\">\u5973\u6027\u5b78\u8005\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u64d4\u4efb\u6709\u8072\u671b\u7684\u5b78\u520a\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f<\/a>\u3002\u64d4\u4efb\u671f\u520a\u7de8\u8f2f\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u8072\u671b\u3002\u7de8\u8f2f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5141\u8a31\u5b78\u8005\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u500b\u9818\u57df\u5167\u4ec0\u9ebd\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u71b1\u9580\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u7de8\u8f2f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u7de8\u8f2f\u8077\u4f4d\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u6574\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5c0d\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u65bd\u52a0\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6027\u5225\u504f\u898b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u6703\u88ab\u5c64\u5c64\u64f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u8b70\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6bcd\u8a9e\/\u8a9e\u8a00\u504f\u898b\u7684\u8b49\u64da<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6027\u5225\u504f\u898b\uff0c\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u65b9\u9762\u540c\u6a23\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u504f\u898b\u4e5f\u5728\u6697\u6697\u5f71\u97ff\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5b78\u8853\u4ea4\u6d41\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u3002\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u570b\u969b\u671f\u520a\u90fd\u4ee5\u82f1\u8a9e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-971X.2010.01656.x\">\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u9762<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8a55\u4f30\u6295\u7a3f\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u8a55\u5be9\u54e1\u5f88\u96e3\u4e0d\u53d7\u8a9e\u8a00\u6d41\u5229\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<a 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