{"id":977,"date":"2021-07-09T12:06:23","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T11:06:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lexacademic.com\/blog\/linguistic-bias-in-academic-publishing\/"},"modified":"2023-02-28T14:56:45","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T14:56:45","slug":"linguistic-bias-in-academic-publishing-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lexacademic.com\/zh-hans\/blog\/linguistic-bias-in-academic-publishing-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\u6b67\u89c6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u672f\u6821\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f60\u6253\u9020\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7ade\u4e89\u73af\u5883 <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002 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review\uff09<\/strong>\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u53ca\u5b66\u520a\u4e3b\u7f16\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f5c\u8005\u6295\u7a3f\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u62db\u8058\u3001\u8d44\u52a9\u548c\u4f1a\u8bae\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u671f\u520a\u7684\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7279\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u4f1a\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u6765\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u3002\u8bc4\u8bae\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u90e8\u95e8\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u533b\u751f\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u6b67\u89c6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u5df2\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>2001\u5e74\uff0c\u300aBehavioral Ecology\u300b\u5b66\u520a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<strong>\u201c\u53cc\u76f2\u201d\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08double-blind peer review\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6295\u7a3f\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u5ba1\u7a3f\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.nature.com\/peer-to-peer\/2008\/01\/doubleblind_peer_review_reveal.html\">\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0<\/a>\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u5b9e\u65bd\u53cc\u76f2\u8bc4\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u671f\u520a\u6240\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6709\u5c0f\u5e45\u5ea6\u4f46\u53ef\u89c2\u5730\u589e\u957f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728<strong>\u201c\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u201d\uff08gender bias\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4ece\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u6216\u51cf\u5c11<strong>\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u201d (unconscious bias)<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u53cc\u76f2\u5236\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u51fa\u7248\u6210\u529f\u7387\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\u6392\u4f4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/541455a\">2017\u5e74\u5728\u300aNature\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa<\/a>\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u672f\u671f\u520a\u5f88\u5c11\u9080\u8bf7\u5973\u6027\u5b66\u8005\u62c5\u4efb\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u5458\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u662f\u5b66\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5ba1\u67e5\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6295\u7a3f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bc4\u5ba1\u5458\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u5bf9\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u6050\u6015\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u5b66\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u8fd8\u8f83\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5b66\u8005\u2014\u2014\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u6392\u4f4d\u53ca\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u65e5\u76ca\u7d2f\u79ef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abd0299\">\u5973\u6027\u5b66\u8005\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u62c5\u4efb\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u7684\u5b66\u520a\u7684\u7f16\u8f91<\/a>\u3002\u62c5\u4efb\u671f\u520a\u7f16\u8f91\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u5b66\u8005\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6574\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u70ed\u95e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f16\u8f91\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u7f16\u8f91\u804c\u4f4d\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65bd\u52a0\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5c42\u5c42\u6269\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u8bae\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6bcd\u8bed\/\u8bed\u8a00\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u50cf\u6027\u522b\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u65b9\u9762\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u4e5f\u5728\u6697\u6697\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u82f1\u8bed\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u671f\u520a\u90fd\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-971X.2010.01656.x\">\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u9762<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u6295\u7a3f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u884c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u5458\u5f88\u96be\u4e0d\u53d7\u8bed\u8a00\u6d41\u5229\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<a 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